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IBM 3270 Workstation Program
The IBM 3270 Workstation Program allows your IBM PC, XT, AT, PS/2, or 3270 PC
emulate 3278/79 display terminals. On a PC equipped with a corresponding
emulation adapter and coaxial cable, connection to the host system can be to a
3174/3274/3276 cluster controller, 3745/3725/3720 communications controller, or
directly to the 9370 or 4361 (with an Integrated Communications Adapter). The
product also supports TokenRing attachment to a 3745/3725/3720 communications
controller, 3174 cluster controller in CUT or DFT mode, 3274 cluster controller
in DFT mode, or directly to the 9370 Token-Ring subsystem controller. The
Workstation Program supports up to four SNA sessions, six PC DOS sessions, and
two notepad sessions. It also supports LIM EMS version 3.2 to accommodate
terminalemulation software and DOS applications beyond the 640K RAM limit.
Expanded memory support provides a migration path from the Workstation Program
to OS/2 Extended Edition with its Communications Manager (which provides the
functionality of the Workstation Program.) Because it supports LIM/EMS version
3.2, all DOS sessions access the region above 640K. However, only data, not
applications, can occupy this region. EMS support is available with IBM's
Expanded Memory Adapter (XMA). These adapters can be configured to support EMS
or the extended memory used by OS/2. The Workstation Program supports baseband
or broadband PC Network Adapters and full screen 3278 model 3, 4, or 5 support
with the 8514/A display adapter. File transfers are handled via the
Send/Receive protocol and require a host component to be loaded. The Enhanced
Connectivity Facilities (ECF) Server-Requester Programmers Interface (SRPI) is
supported for the development of programs which take advantage of these
protocols. There is additional programming support for 3270 High Level Language
Application Program Interface (HLLAPI) and Application Programmers Interface
(API).
IBM Storyboard Plus
IBM Storyboard Plus is a graphics tool for creating, editing, arranging, and
presenting slide shows on your computer monitor. This program lets you use
special effects, graph manipulation, text, paint, and timing features to
produce impressive presentations. Picture Taker, the first of four modules,
captures screens from other applications programs and saves them on a file
which can be called up within the Picture Maker or Story Editor modules.
Picture Maker is an icon-oriented freehand-painting module for creating graphic
images and modifying images captured with Picture Taker. You can create images
by drawing and colouring text and shapes, or you cut and paste pictures from a
library of clip-art. This module makes extensive use of function keys if you
are not using a mouse. There are eight text fonts, each with five sizes. A zoom
feature allows detailed editing. Story Editor lets you display and sequence
screens created in Picture Maker or Picture Taker.
Ichnology
Ichnology is the scientific study of footprints, first popularised in the 19th
century following the discover in 1828 of the footprints of a tortoise in
sandstone at Annandale by Dr Duncan.
Iconoscope
An iconoscope is a type of television camera in which an image of the scene to
be televised is projected on a mosaic consisting of granules of photo-emissive
material. Emission of photo-electrons from each granule in proportion to the
amount of light falling upon it results in the formation of a charge image on
the mosaic.
Identiscope
An identiscope was an optical apparatus for combining two photographic
portraits into one. One was first sold in Britain in 1884.
Igneous rock
Igneous rock is rock formed from cooling lava.
ImageStudio
ImageStudio by Letraset, is a gray-scale image editor that gives complete
creative control over images that have been scanned into the Macintosh or
created with other graphics programs. The program provides many of the tools to
modify images that are used by retouching studios. A photograph is scanned into
your computer and you can alter the contrast and brightness of an image. Use
the artist's tools to soften or sharpen an edge, and scale, crop, or rotate the
images. While most scanners offer some editing control, ImageStudio provides a
broader range of editing tools. It imports a finished image into most
desktop-publishing programs or prints out on PostScript-compatible printers for
professional results. While many scanners record gray-scale information to
approximately the range of grays in a continuous-tone photograph, ImageStudio
lets you work with 64 shades of gray. A complete set of artist's tools,
including a paintbrush, charcoal, water drop, and fingertip, are used for a
variety of special effects. ImageStudio includes four palettes that can be
moved: tool, pen, gray map editor, and shade. The tool palette is similar to
tools in other painting programs, although some work slightly differently. The
pen palette offers a selection of pen tips that you can customise or add to the
palette. With the shade palette, you choose the shades you want to work with.
Brightness, contrast, and distribution of shades in an object are controlled in
the gray map editor.
Immiscible
In chemistry, immiscible means incapable of being mixed, as with oil and water.
Impedance
Impedance is the total opposition offered by a circuit to the flow of
alternating current.
Imperial Cancer Research Fund
The Imperial Cancer Research Fund is a scheme first issued in March 1902 by the
Royal College of Physicians and the Royal College of Surgeons for systematic
cancer research and the collection of statistical, dietetic and topographical
information.
Imperial Crown
The Imperial Crown was made for King George V for his coronation as King
Emperor at Delhi in 1911, and is part of the British Crown Jewels.
Imperial State Crown
The Imperial State Crown was designed and made for Queen Victoria in 1838. It
is one of the British Crown Jewels.
Implement
Implement is a method of execution carried out by thrusting a stake through the
body.
Incandescence
Incandescence is the emission of light due to heat.
Inch
The inch is a unit of the imperial scale of measurement of the length
equivalent to 25.4 millimetres. It was defined in 1824 by an act of parliament
that 39.13929 inches is the length of a seconds pendulum in the latitude of
London, vibrating in vacuo at sea level, at the temperature of 62 degrees
Farenheit.
Income Tax
Income Tax is a tax levied directly from income of every description. It was
first levied in Britain in January 1799, then repealed in 1802 and reinstated
the same year under the name of Property Tax. It was fixed at 10 percent in
1806 and repealed in 1816 only to be reinstated in 1842. Since then the rate
has fluctuated with the political whims of the current ruling party, and it is
currently graduated but starting at 20 percent.
Indicator
In chemistry, indicator is a compound which changes colour with changes in the
hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of a solution.
Indigestion
see "Dyspepsia"
Indigo
Indigo is the dye obtained from the woad plant, isatis tinctoria. It was used
by the Egyptians and other ancient nations.
Indium
Indium is a soft, rare metal element with the symbol In.
Indonesian
see "indonesia"
Inductance
In electronics, inductance is the property of a circuit whereby an
electro-motive force is generated by reason of a change in the magnetic flux
through the circuit.
Inertia
Inertia is the property of a body that causes it to oppose any change in its
velocity, even if the velocity is zero. An object at rest requires a force to
make it move, and a moving object requires a force to make it slow down,
accelerate, or change direction. Newton called this resistance to a change of
velocity inertia. It has been found that the greater the mass of a body, the
higher is its inertia.
Infectious mononucleosis
see "Glandular Fever"
Inferiority Complex
Inferiority Complex is a term used in psycho-analysis for a complex pattern of
richly emotional ideas connected with what the patient rightly or wrongly
believes to be his inferiority. The feeling of inferiority is often compensated
for by the patient adopting an opposite character.
Infra-red
Infra-red radiation (heat waves) consists of electro-magnetic radiation of
wavelengths shorter than those of the super-high-frequency radio waves and
longer than 7600 angstroms, corresponding to the red end of the visible
spectrum.
Inorganic Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry is the science dealing with the preparation and properties
of the elements and their compounds, except those carbon compounds considered
in Organic Chemistry. Many groups of analogous compounds exist, the oldest
known being acids, bases and salts. Acids usually have a sour taste, change
blue vegetable colours red and react with alkalis to form salts. Alkalis
restore the colours of indicators changed by acids.
Intel Above Board
The Intel Above Board was the first product to incorporate the
Lotus/Intel/Microsoft Expanded Memory Specification (EMS), which allows PC-DOS
programs to access up to eight megabytes beyond the 640K memory limit. Above
Board/286 is particularly useful to users of programs that require all data to
be memory-resident, such as 1-2-3, Symphony, and Framework III. With an Above
Board you can access up to 4Mb additional memory on a PC and 8Mb additional
memory on an AT. This allowed users to create enormous spreadsheets - up to 15
times that available under normal DOS constraints. If a machine has less than
640K, Above Board memory could be used to back-fill or assign a portion of its
memory to fill up system memory. Above Boards had software for a RAM disk,
print buffer and menu-driven configuration program. Intel Above Board PS/286
was functionally equivalent to the Above Board 286 and added a serial port and
a parallel port. Above Board provided expanded memory for products which work
better with memory beyond the 640K DOS limit such as Lotus 1-2-3 or require
additional memory such as IBM OS/2.
Interactive EasyFlow
EasyFlow by Haventree Software is a powerful flowcharting package for the IBM
PC, that provides tools to create and edit flowcharts and ornanisation charts.
It is not a freehand drawing program, but rather a package that provides you
with a large set of objects to choose from and the ability to place these
objects on-screen in any position. Either the keyboard or a mouse can be used
to choose shapes and position them in the desired location. Automatic text
centering within shapes is available horizontally and vertically. EasyFlow
understands the concept of a "from" shape and a "destination" shape and creates
a straight connector line between the shapes in your flowchart. If you move the
shapes within the chart, the lines automatically maintain the connection
between the from shape and the destination shape. This way, the chart evolves
as you create it; you do not need to plan ahead of time. Editing charts is
simple with this program. Text edited within an object is automatically
recentered. Individual shapes or groups of shapes can be cut, copied, moved,
and deleted from a chart. You can also save sections of a chart to be merged
with another chart. Charts can be compressed horizontally or vertically so
charts that are too large to fit on a single page can be compressed and printed
on one page. EasyFlow offers a useful way to manage the creation of charts. The
screen displays two small windows and one large window. The large Chart Window
shows a condensed representation of the chart. You cannot see the words inside
the objects, but you can see the individual objects and lines and the
relationship between them. The Chart Window shows the current position of the
cursor in the chart using an invisible grid as reference. Each object takes up
one space. The smaller Shape Window shows the content of the shape under the
cursor in full detail. As you cursor around the chart, the current shape is
always shown in the Shape Window. There is also a small Text/Message Window
r text entry and for messages from the program. Charts can be more than 16
shapes in width and height. The size is limited only by memory available. If
your chart is too large for the printer paper size, EasyFlow breaks the chart
and prints it in page-size pieces.
INTERCAL
INTERCAL (said by the authors to stand for `Compiler Language With No
Pronounceable Acronym') is a computer language designed by Don Woods and James
Lyon in 1972. INTERCAL is purposely different from all other computer languages
in all ways but one; it is purely a written language, being totally unspeakable.
Interface
An interface is a shared boundary between two devices. These may be a human and
a machine for example. Computer operating systems use an interface to receive
and transmit data to and from a human operator.
Interlisp
Interlisp is a dialect of the Lisp programming language. It is a computer
programming language designed for procedure orientated representation. It has
all the standard features of Lisp, plus extensive debugging facilities, and a
DWIM self-correcting facility.
Interpol
Interpol is an international police organisation with headquarters in Paris.
Intestinal
see "Intestine"
Invar
Invar is an alloy of iron and nickel.
Invisible
Invisible describes something that cannot be seen.
Iodine
Iodine is a non-metallic halogen element usually obtained as a heavy, shining,
blackish-grey crystalline form and is used especially in medicine, photography
and analysis. It has the symbol I.
Iodine number
In chemistry, iodine number is the number of grams of iodine required to
saturate 100 grams of fat.
Ion
An ion is a charged atom or group of atoms. The charge occurs from a surplus or
deficiency of electrons.
Ionised
see "ion"
Ionization
In chemistry, ionization is the separation of an electrolyte into charged ions
in solution.
Ionization Voltage
Ionization Voltage is the potential which an electron must traverse before it
attains sufficient kinetic energy to ionize by collision an atom of a specified
gas.
Ionosphere
The ionosphere is the ionised layer of the earth's atmosphere. It extends over
altitudes from about 50 km to about 600 km.
Iridium
Iridium is a metal element with the symbol Ir.
Iridosmine
see "Osmiridium"
Irish
Irish is a term used to denote something or someone from Ireland.
IRMA
IRMA is the standard product for a direct link between the IBM PC, XT, AT, or
PS/2 model 25 or 30 and an IBM SNA (Systems Network Architecture) network. It
offered the first coax connection between a PC and IBM mainframe. IRMA connects
to an IBM 3174, 3274, or 3276 cluster controller that can be directly or
remotely attached to the mainframe, or be attached to an integral terminal
controller with a type A adapter. The package includes a hardware adapter card
that fits into a full-length slot in a PC, emulation software and file-transfer
software. IRMA fits into existing 3270 networks by attaching directly to
3278/79 controller ports configured for Control Unit Terminal (CUT) single
session support. Nothing additional is needed. IRMAlink file transfer software
for TSO and CMS environments is included. IRMA provides emulation of IBM 3278
terminal models 2, 3, and 4 and 3279 colour terminal models 2A, 3A, 2B and 38.
Support for 12 IBM keyboards, light pen, four and seven colour modes, and
APL/TEXT keyboards is also included. In addition, it supports hotkey switching
between DOS and terminal sessions and Application Programming Interface (API)
support for development of programs which interact directly with a host session
through the hardware adapter. Sample programs for the API are included. IRMA 2
is an enhanced version of the original that adds support for the IBM 3278 model
5 terminal through horizontal and vertical scrolling. If you use specific 132
column supported display adapters, you can get full-screen monochrome and
colour model 5 support. IRMA 2 also includes keyboard utilities which allow
remapping and let you create macros for frequently repeated commands and new
keyboard profiles. Its Extended Attribute Buffer (EAB) supports character
attributes such as normal, blinking, reverse video, highlighted, and underlined
(mono only), APL character set support and the ability to capture terminal
screens to disk or local/system printer. Because IRMA 2 uses
e-loaded instead of PROM-loaded microcode, it can be upgraded by changing
diskettes rather than by replacing PROM chips. The IRMA 2 MCA offers the same
functionality as the IRMA 2 for the IBM PS/2 models 50, 50z, 60, 70, and 80.
Iron Cross
The Iron Cross was an order of knighthood established by Frederick William III
of Prussia in 1813 to honour patriotic bravery in the war against France.
Irradiation
Irradiation is the process of exposing something to radiation. It is used to
preserve food and destroy cancer growths.
Irrigation
Irrigation is the process of supplying water to land through a series of
artificial waterways.
Irula
Irula is a dialect of Tamil.
Isallobar
An isallobar is a line on a map passing through all the places with equal
changes in pressure over a certain period.
Ischaemia
Ischaemia is the condition of insufficient blood supply to a part of the body,
for example to the heart muscle, causing angina.
ISO 8859
ISO 8859 is a series of computer character sets all of which have American
ASCII in their low (7-bit) half, invisible control characters in positions 128
to 159 and 96 fixed width graphics in positions 160-255.
ISO 8859-1
see "Latin-1"
ISO 8859-2
see "Latin-2"
ISO 8859-5
ISO 8859-5 is a computer character set of Cyrillic letters purporting to
support Bulgarian, Byelorussian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian and Ukrainian.
However, it lacks the Ukrainian ghe with a downstroke, and so KOI8-R is
generally more popular.
Isoelectric point
In chemistry, the isoelectric point is the pH at which a substance is
electrically neutral or at it's minimum ionization.
Isomers
In chemistry, isomers are compounds which have the same molecular formula but
different structural formulas.
Isonicotinic acid hydrazide
Isonicotinic acid hydrazide is an agent found by Domagk to inhibit the growth
of tubercle bacilli. It has been used since 1952 in the treatment of
tuberculosis. It is closely related to the vitamin nicotinamide, and is also
used in the treatment of depression.
Isotonic solution
In chemistry, an isotonic solution is a solution having the same osmotic
pressure as another with which it is compared.
Isotope
An isotope is a form of an element which has a different atomic weight and
nuclear properties than other isotopes of the same element.
Isotopes
In chemistry, isotopes are atoms of the same element having the same atomic
number but having different atomic weights.
